Ecommerce

3PL

Also called Third-party logistics, outsourced fulfilment

A third-party logistics provider that stores your stock and picks, packs and ships your orders under your brand.

Quick facts: 3PL

Category
Ecommerce
Also called
Third-party logistics, outsourced fulfilment
Level
Intermediate
Affects
Delivery speed, cost per order, stock accuracy, staffing
Where to see it
Your ecommerce platform's shipping integrations, the provider's portal, courier dashboards
In this article4
  1. How a 3PL works
  2. Why a 3PL matters
  3. Common mistakes with a 3PL
  4. How to act on it

How a 3PL works

A third-party logistics provider takes physical work off your hands. You send stock to their warehouse, they store it, and when an order comes through they pick, pack and dispatch it under your brand. Some also handle returns, quality checks and the paperwork for imports.

The connection between your shop and theirs is the part that decides whether it works. Orders should flow automatically, stock counts should come back the same way, and tracking references should reach the customer without anyone copying them by hand. A provider without that link is a warehouse with an email address, and every order becomes a manual task.

Pricing is usually split: something for storage by space and time, something for each order picked and packed, and the courier charge on top. Extras such as special packaging, labelling or returns handling are billed separately, which is why two quotes with similar headline rates can settle very differently at the end of a month.

Why a 3PL matters

It converts a fixed operational burden into a variable cost. Instead of renting space and employing packers against your busiest week, you pay for the parcels you actually ship, which suits businesses with seasonal demand or a small team already stretched.

It also changes what you can promise. A provider positioned near your customers, with courier relationships you could not negotiate alone, can support a faster delivery window — and delivery speed is one of the plainest reasons a shopper chooses one seller over another.

Common mistakes with a 3PL

Comparing providers on the pick rate alone is the first. Storage, minimum monthly charges, receiving fees, returns handling and packaging all sit in the contract, and the cheapest pick fee can carry the dearest month. Build the comparison on total cost per parcel at your real order mix.

The second is losing the customer experience. Your brand is on the box, so packing standards, insert cards and the state of the parcel are still yours to specify. The third is treating stock as someone else’s problem: you remain responsible for what the shop says is available, so if counts arrive late the shop oversells, and stockouts reach customers after they have paid.

How to act on it

Decide first whether the constraint is real. If packing time is crowding out selling, or storage has become the limit, a provider is worth quoting. If the issue is a messy process, moving it into someone else’s warehouse will not tidy it.

When you quote, ask for total cost against a month of your own order history rather than a rate card, and check the integration with your platform before anything else. Then set the terms that matter: how quickly an order received in the morning must ship, how stock counts are reported, how returns are inspected, and who pays when a parcel goes out wrong. Keep measuring dispatch time and accuracy yourself after the handover, because fulfilment quality is still what your customers judge you on.

Do and do not

Do

  • Price providers against a month of your real orders
  • Confirm the platform integration before agreeing anything else
  • Keep measuring dispatch time and accuracy after handover

Do not

  • Compare quotes on the pick fee alone
  • Leave packing standards and brand presentation unspecified
  • Assume stock counts will stay right without reporting

Questions people ask about this

When is a 3PL worth using?

When the physical work is limiting the business rather than simply annoying you. Signs include packing taking over the working day, storage running out, or customers in another city or country you cannot reach quickly from your own base. Below that point, keeping fulfilment in-house teaches you things a provider will never report back.

How is a 3PL charged?

Typically by storage, by order picked and packed, and by the courier cost of each shipment, with extras for receiving stock, special packaging and returns handling. Because the mix differs between providers, compare quotes by running a month of your real orders through each price list rather than by looking at the headline pick fee.

What should I check before signing with a 3PL?

That they integrate with your ecommerce platform so orders and stock move without manual work, what their same-day dispatch cut-off is, how often stock counts are reported, how returns are inspected and restocked, and who bears the cost of a mis-picked order. Ask for those in writing before stock leaves your building.

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